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'''Psychoengineering''' is a research-based [[engineering]] practice designed to control and mitigate mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. This site serves as a guide to psychoengineering and how to perform it.
Humans have two primary systems of acquiring knowledge: [[w:Intuition|intuition]], a fast and unconscious reflex; and [[w:Logical reasoning|logic]], a slow and deliberate process.
These systems are implicated in different behaviors, but like everything in the brain they are deeply connected and regularly interface with each other. For example, one could notice a dessert table and be drawn to it by their intuitive, perceptual mind - but ultimately be drawn away from it by their logical mind.
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This [[dialectic of mind|dialectic]] was first hypothesized by [[dialectic of mind#history|ancient philosophers]], who developed practices to synthesize the two minds. These practices, refined by neuropsychology, form the basis of the techniques used in [[w:dialectical behavioral therapy|dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)]]
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* Balances intuitive and logical minds
* Highly adaptable
* Can identify [[
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* Can discern, label, and
* Understands how emotions (current and future) can affect decision-making abilities
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* Capable of [[cognitive defusion]]
* Understanding that the current moment in time cannot be changed, only the future can be changed
* Understanding that [[pain]] is inevitable but [[suffering]] is optional
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Within the synthetic mind, the objective is to [[debug]] and eliminate unwanted behaviors. [[Bugs]] typically have a fundamental [[cognitive distortion]] that fuels them.
== Obstacles to achieving synthetic mind ==
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There are 4 key obstacles to achieving the synthetic mind, organized by approximate priority. All of these components of well-being should be improved simultaneously, but it is important to note that elements at the base are typically more capable of overwhelming the synthetic mind.▼
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'''[[Neurochemistry]]''': Chemistry of individual neurons, determined genetically, which can significantly alter [[hedonic baseline]]. [[w:monoaminergic|Monoaminergic]], [[w:gabaergic|GABAergic]], and [[w:glutamatergic|glutamatergic]] systems are strongly implicated in depression<ref>{{harvnb|Kaltenboeck|Harmer|2018|p=1}}</ref> and anxiety<ref>{{harvnb|Martin|Ressler|Binder|Nemeroff|2009|pp=1-3}}</ref>. Treatment: [[w:psychopharmaceutical|psychopharmeceuticals]].▼
▲'''[[Neurochemistry]]''': Chemistry of individual neurons, determined genetically, which can significantly alter [[hedonic baseline]]. [[w:
'''[[Somatic state]]''': Conditions like sleep deprivation<ref>{{harvnb|Harrison|Horne|2000}}</ref>, loneliness<ref>{{harvnb|Şimşek|Koçak|Younis|2021}}</ref>, and distress<ref>{{harvnb|Jung|Wranke|Hamburger|Knauff|2014}}</ref> can negatively affect logical decision making. Masicampo and Baumeister observed that drinking lemonade with sugar as opposed to an artificial sweetener after an energy-depleting self-control task increased rule-based decision making<ref>{{harvnb|Masicampo|Baumeister|2008}}</ref>. Treatment: [[somatic management]].▼
▲'''[[Somatic state]]''': Conditions like sleep deprivation<ref>{{harvnb|Harrison|Horne|2000}}</ref>
'''[[Emotional state]]''': Distress has a significant effect on logical reasoning - arachnophobes perform significantly worse than non-arachnophobes on logical tests that relate to spiders, for example.{{sfn|Jung|Wranke|Hamburger|Knauff|2014}} Loneliness{{sfn|Şimşek|Koçak|Younis|2021}} and anger{{sfn|Zajenkowski|Zajenkowska|2015}} also negatively correlate to logical ability. Treatment: [[acceptance therapy]].
'''[[Perspective]]''': Perspective shifts such as [[w:distancing (psychology)|self-distancing]] and the [[w:growth mindset|growth mindset]] have a neurological basis in provoking self-reflection and heightening intrinsic motivation, respectively.{{sfn|White|Kross|Duckworth|2015}}{{sfn|Ng|2018}} Treatment: [[cognitive defusion]].
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* {{Alschuler et al., 2020}}
* {{Darlow & Sloman, 2010}}
* {{Doohan et al., 2023}}
* {{Evans & Stanovich, 2013}}
* {{Friedman & Robbins, 2021}}
* {{Gailliot et al., 2007}}
* {{Harrison & Horne, 2000}}
* {{Hillman et al., 2008}}
* {{Jung et al., 2014}}
* {{Kahneman, 2011}}
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* {{Martin et al., 2009}}
* {{Masicampo & Baumeister, 2008}}
* {{Ng, 2018}}
* {{Ramezanpour & Fallah, 2022}}
* {{Roozendaal et al., 2009}}
* {{Schacter et al., 2020}}
* {{Şimşek et al., 2021}}
* {{White et al., 2015}}
* {{Zajenkowski & Zajenkowska, 2015}}
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