Psychoengineering: Difference between revisions

Humans have two primary systems of acquiring knowledge: [[w:Intuition|intuition]], a fast and unconscious reflex; and [[w:Logical reasoning|logic]], a slow and deliberate process.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Kahneman|2011|pp=20-23}}</ref> Each of these dual cognitive methods is designed to interface with a specific type of information,<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Darlow|Sloman|2010|pp=1-3}}</ref> and are thus connected to different parts of the brain. The neural circuitry of intuition (the amygdala, basal ganglia and lateral temporal cortex)<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Lieberman|2003|p=7}}</ref> is linked to circuitry related to working memory, motor control, attention, perception, and empathy.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Ramezanpour|Fallah|2022}}</ref><ref>{{harvnbsfn|Roozendaal|et al.|2009}}</ref><ref>{{harvnbsfn|Schacter|et al.|2020}}</ref> Meanwhile, the neural circuitry of reason (anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus)<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Lieberman|2003|p=10}}</ref> is linked to circuitry related to long-term memory recall, executive function, and complex decision-making.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Aharoni|et al.|2013}}</ref><ref>{{harvnbsfn|Friedman|Robbins|2021}}</ref>

These systems are implicated in different behaviors, but like everything in the brain they are deeply connected and regularly interface with each other. For example, one could notice a dessert table and be drawn to it by their intuitive, perceptual mind - but ultimately be drawn away from it by their logical mind.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Darlow|Sloman|2010|p=1}}</ref>{{efn|Psychoengineering uses "intuitive/logical mind" for these systems, but they have many different names in contemporary psychology. Stanovich uses "systems 1/2", so as to not give a preference to either system. Evans has used "old/new mind", in reference to the evolutionaryphylogenetic age of each system.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Evans|Stanovich|2013|p=1}}</ref> Darlow and Sloman use "intuitive/deliberate system" to emphasize the level of conscious control present in each.<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Darlow|Sloman|2010|p=2}}</ref>}}

* Prone to [[judgement|judgementscognitive distortions]]

This [[dialectic of mind|dialectic]] was first hypothesized by [[dialectic of mind#history|ancient philosophers]], who developed practices to synthesize the two minds. These practices, refined by neuropsychology, form the basis of the techniques used in [[w:dialectical behavioral therapy|dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)]]<ref>.{{harvnbsfn|Linehan|Dimeff|2001|p=1}}</ref>. The goal is to achieve the [[synthetic mind]]:

* Can identify [[judgement|judgementscognitive distortions]] using logical [[w:metacognition|metacognition]]

! [[w:emotionalEmotional intelligence|Emotional intelligence]]

* Can discern, label, and labelcommunicate internal emotional state (beyond "good", "bad", and "fine")

* [[w:emotionalEmotional validation|Validating]] others and self

! [[w:acceptanceAcceptance|Acceptance]]

* Understanding that [[pain]] is inevitable but [[suffering]] is optional<ref>{{harvnbsfn|Alschuler|Krabak|Kratz|Jensen|Pomeranz|Burns|Bautz|Nordeen|Irwin|Lipman|2020}}</ref>